Elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator

ABSTRACT

The elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprises a sheet ( 1 ) that is wound or capable of being wound in radioida spiral form with increasing or decreasing curvature along the length of the spiral, capable of absorbing energy at variable torque and supply a practically constant torque in broad working areas The laminate or set of sheets that are wound or capable of being wound about themselves as a spring has variable thickness and/or width and/or reinforcement along its length, and is held at both ends. The laminate or set of sheets is made of composite materials with polymer matrix and fiber reinforcement This elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator has application as an energy accumulator or regulator in many applications such as wind energy production and other renewable energies, applications in transport, applications in uninterruptible power supply systems, applications in electric network regulation, etc.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention refers to an elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator, to a manufacturing procedure for saidelastodynamic energy accumulator and to different preferred applicationsfor the use of said elastodynamic energy accumulator.

The invention is set within the technical field of energy-accumulatingmechanical devices. This energy can be accumulated when there is anexcess in the producing device and the device is able to supply thatenergy in non-production states of energy, or when the application orthe user need it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The problems that have always existed with energy are well known, sinceenergy has the problem of its accumulation in sufficient amounts as tobe later used cost-effectively and when people so desire.

Amongst the energy-producing means currently in existence, nuclear powerstations and thermal power stations can be mentioned, which areresponsible for the main energetic production of different countries.Due to their design configuration and in order to obtain a greaterenergetic yield, this kind of power station must be in constantoperation, that is, without stop and start-up procedures and with aconstant energy production regime. This does not adapt to the energydemands of a country in which there are times of maximum or minimumconsumption in accordance with human activity. There are thus troughhours of minimum energy consumption such as night-time, when humanactivity is considerably reduced, and hours of maximum consumptionduring the day when industrial activity coincides with heat or coldwaves, for example, in which consumption rises considerably.

There are hydraulic power stations in which energy is produced by thefall of water stored in reservoirs. There is the advantage that thisenergy is accumulated in the form of water held in a reservoir, andtherefore when flow conditions so allow, it is an effective means ofenergy regulation. Furthermore, in the event of an excess of energeticproduction by other means, it allows pumping water towards the headerreservoirs, thus achieving energy accumulation in the form of watertaken to the header reservoirs. This procedure does not offer greatefficiency, but it is at least a manner of making use of excess energyat times of little demand and great energy production from other powerstations. This procedure also clashes with times in which the scarcityof the water flow in rivers does not allow carrying out such operations.

There is another kind of energy such as wind energy in which the energyfrom the wind is transformed into electric energy through wind-poweredgenerators. Amongst these generators we can name horizontal wind-poweredgenerators, which are the most widespread. These consist of a mast onthe end of which is arranged the horizontal shaft, one end of which isattached to the vanes that gather the wind power in order to transformit into rotational mechanical energy. On the opposite end of the shaftis the electric generator, both located on the upper end of the mastthat makes up the wind-powered generator.

Amongst the vertical wind-powered generators we can mention the Darrieusand Giromill flat-vane generator, which despite having experienced lessdevelopment have always had good yield results, similar or in some casesabove those of horizontal wind-powered generators, especially at lowwind speeds.

The problem of wind energy is that energy is not produced when there isno wind or when the wind is very strong, in the latter case this is toprevent damaging the components, which generates numerous imbalances onthe electric network of different countries due to its use, which ispreventing mass use of this kind of energy.

As can be understood, there is currently a great imbalance betweenenergy production means and the consumption means thereof, which makesus understand that it would be desirable to have energy accumulationmeans available that would serve to regulate this production, adaptingit to energy consumption, which would allow a more rational managementof energy production of a region, a country or a continent, since theelectric networks of different countries are interconnected and localsolutions would be unreasonable.

Amongst the energy accumulation means we can mention, for example,electrochemical accumulators or batteries that allow accumulatingelectric energy in a limited manner, the problem being the great amountof space they take up and the weight of such batteries. Furthermore,their yields are not at all impressive and some of their components aregreat pollutants.

There are mechanical accumulators such as springs in which energyaccumulation is relatively small and the torque both for its chargingand discharging is not constant, which makes them unviable forindustrial use.

The use of very large Belleville washers has been studied. Their energyaccumulation is quite limited, since they are based on the elasticeffect of these conical configuration washers, arranged in groups sothat the elastic effect thereof reaches ideal values for their use.

Finally, we mention storing energy by means of momentum wheels that alsohave the drawback of the scarce energy they accumulate given the spacethat such devices occupy. Said devices consist in a large wheel ofconsiderable mass in which energy is accumulated as kinetic energy bythe movement of said wheels. These wheels supply their energy throughthe momentum accumulated by the moving mass within the accumulatoritself.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to achieve a mechanical meansthat is able to accumulate a great amount of energy in a reasonableminimum space.

It is likewise an object of the invention to allow this energyaccumulation element to absorb mechanical energy at variable torque andto supply it at constant torque for an ideal use thereof.

When mentioning that energy supply will be performed at constant torque,this means that the torque remains at practically constant values in thegreatest possible working area of the mechanical organ.

This accumulator proposed by the invention becomes an energeticregulator, since it can accumulate energy at times of excess thereof andsupply it at times of shortage.

The object of the present invention refers to an elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator comprising a sheet that is wound or capable ofbeing wound in radioidal spiral form with increasing or decreasingcurvature along the length of the spiral and that is capable ofabsorbing energy at variable torque and supply a practically constanttorque throughout broad working areas. Said invention achieves completeindependence of energy input and output thereof, elastodynamicallyregulating the output torque.

This sheet wound in radioidal spiral form achieves absorbing energy atvariable torque and supplying an almost constant torque in broad workingareas, which makes this mechanical system completely usable as an energyaccumulator. No mechanical energy accumulating systems are currentlyknown that supply energy at a constant torque.

The sheet wound or capable of being wound in radioidal spiral form has alinearly increasing or decreasing curvature along the length of thespiral, which is an essential feature in order to achieve this supplytorque at a practically constant torque in broad working areas.

The laminate or set of wound sheets or sheets capable of being woundupon themselves in the manner of a spring has a variable width and/orthickness and/or reinforcement along its length, held on both ends, thatis, with any of the variables or by combining them all, an elastodynamicaccumulator-regulator that is capable of absorbing energy at a variabletorque and supplying it at a constant torque can be achieved, and it istherefore possible to achieve multiple embodiments of the wound sheet inorder to obtain the same function.

The laminate or set of sheets is made of materials based on a polymermatrix and a fiber reinforcement that achieves high elasticdeformability with respect to other materials, although the use ofcurrently known materials such as steel or future materials with which avery high degree of elasticity may be achieved, must not be ruled out.

Materials that can be considered as most ideal for this application areto be found in composite materials formed by a mixture of resins andfibers, placed in successive layers and with interwoven fibers in orderto achieve greater elasticity of the materials. These compositematerials must be cured, which is achieved by applying heat during thecuring process. Amongst the materials used and by way of examples we canmention boron/epoxy, graphite/epoxy, fiberglass/epoxy and aramid/epoxy,without ruling out the use of any other materials that meet thecondition of being highly resistant composite materials.

These wound sheets can be mechanically connected and for example atleast two sheets wound or sheets that can be wound in radioidal spiralform can be mechanically connected in series. With this connection inseries the mechanical torque for charging and discharging the sheets isthe sum of the torques for both sheets. These wound sheets can likewisebe mechanically connected in parallel. In this case both the torque theyabsorb and the torque they supply is the same as that of a single sheetbody but the energy accumulated is equal to the sum of the energyaccumulated in each one of the accumulators.

The latter option may be the most advisable, since the energyaccumulated is equal to the sum of the energy accumulated individuallyin each one of the sheets.

Likewise, in the ideal configuration intended to be performed, severalconfigurations can be set up depending on the application, made up ofmore than two wound sheets or sheets capable of being wound in aradioidal spiral form connected in series and in parallel. That is, allpossible combinations in series or in parallel can be performed sincethey are very adequate means of accumulating elastodynamic energy(parallel) and peak absorption (series).

The manufacturing process for a wound sheet or a sheet that is capableof being wound in radioidal spiral form such as that shown in theinvention is also an object of the invention.

Manufacture of this sheet in an adequate shape starts from a laminatemold defining the outer shape of the sheet wound in the shape of aradioidal spring. This mold is performed for example in approximately 2mm steel plate; although any other adequate measure is not ruled out,forming a template in which the laminate adopts the shape of this mold.Towards the inside of the mold is found the laminate itself or the setof sheets performed with composite materials of a polymer matrix andfiber reinforcement. The shafts that make up the ends of the laminatehave been previously integrated with the first turns of the laminateupon itself.

A vacuum bag is then arranged which prevents contact with air and thepossible inclusion thereof within the material. This bag also has themission of holding and compacting the laminate or set of wound sheets orsheets capable of being wound upon themselves.

Finally, an elastomer is arranged in the manufacturing process of thelaminate with filling functions and which has two special features. Thefirst of these is that the surface in contact with the laminate isheated to proceed to the curing process of the composite materials witha polymer matrix and fiber reinforcement forming the laminate or the setof sheets and the second special feature is that in addition, in itsfinishing it closes in a circle, becoming a cylinder closed upon itselfand held by the extension of the steel plate of the laminate mold, as ifit were a great brace holding the entire assembly, thus preparing it forthe curing cycle.

The curing or polymerization cycle is carried out by subjecting thelaminate or set of sheets to temperatures of approximately 130° C., apreferred method being by means of pads consisting in about 5 mm thicksheets made of the same elastomer which have inside them electricalresistors calculated in order to reach the curing temperature of thecomposite material forming the laminate.

Once the laminate is cured, the entire assembly is opened, extractingthe laminate in the shape of a distended radioidal spring, i.e. at theequilibrium point where accumulated energy is zero. Once extracted withthis shape and when placed in its use position, the laminate or set ofwound sheets or sheets that are capable of being wound are wound as aspring in a specific shape, being introduced in the housing ormechanical transmission arranged for its use, with which theelastodynamic accumulator of the invention is thus perfectly finished.

This manufacturing process is one of the many possible processes thatcan be used and does not rule out the use of any other process that mayfinally achieve the same production requirements for a sheet of similarcharacteristics to that of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to complete the description that is being made and with theobject of aiding towards a better understanding of the features of theinvention, attached to the present specification and as an integral partthereof is a set of drawings in which the following has been representedwith an illustrative and non-limiting nature:

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the sheet wound in theshape of a radioidal spiral in a simple configuration, wound upon anshaft that charges and/or supplies (regulates) accumulated energy; andanother shaft that charges and/or supplies the same energy; i.e.reversible regarding energy flow.

FIG. 2 shows different types of final springs according to the radioidobtained.

FIGS. 3.1 to 3.3 show different types of mechanical accumulators withone, two, three of four sheets placed in parallel.

FIG. 4 shows the most significant elements in a plan view of themanufacturing mold for the sheet before being closed.

FIG. 5 shows the most characteristic elements that intervene in themanufacturing process and the placement order of such elements withinthe mold.

FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic perspective view of the elements thatintervene in the manufacturing mold.

FIG. 7 shows a basic diagram of the system possibilities when applied toan energy-generating and hydrogen-producing wind installation.

FIG. 8 shows the application of the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator of the invention in transport.

FIG. 9 shows the application of the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator of the invention in an Uninterruptible PowerSupply (UPS).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator proposed by the inventioncan be seen in diagrammatic form in FIG. 1, and is formed by a sheet (1)that is wound or capable of being wound in radioidal spiral form withincreasing or decreasing curvature along the length of the spiral andthat is capable of absorbing energy at variable torque and supplying apractically constant torque in broad working areas. This sheet is woundupon itself and its inner end is held to the shaft (2) for chargingand/or discharging the energy accumulated in the radioidal spring (1)itself.

This sheet wound in the shape of a radioidal spiral achieves absorbingenergy at a variable torque and supplying an almost constant mechanicaltorque in broad working areas, which makes this mechanical energyaccumulation system entirely usable, in contrast to other currentmechanical systems in which the torque is not substantially constanteither in energy absorption or supply.

The wound sheet or sheet capable of being wound in spiral form has alinearly increasing or decreasing curvature along the length of thespiral, which is an essential feature in order to achieve this supplytorque at a practically constant torque in broad working areas. Two ofthe multiple forms the radioid obtained in the curing process can beseen in FIG. 2.

These figures, although mostly FIG. 1, show the laminate or set of woundsheets or sheets capable of being wound upon themselves in the manner ofa spring since they adopt a variable width and/or thickness and/orreinforcement along their length, held on both ends, that is, that withany of the variables or by combining them all an elastodynamicaccumulator-regulator that is capable of absorbing energy at a variabletorque and supplying it at a constant torque can be achieved, and it istherefore possible to achieve multiple embodiments of the wound sheet inorder to obtain the same function.

FIG. 3.1 shows a mechanical accumulator with 2 shafts, an inner shaft(2) for input and/or output of the charge and/or discharge movement ofthe accumulator and an outer shaft (3) for output and/or input, on thefinal end of the spring.

FIG. 3.2 shows an accumulator formed by two parallel sheets placed uponthe same shaft (2) and therefore having two outer output shafts (3) and(3′), the spiral being in this case a double development spiral.

FIG. 3.3 shows an arrangement of four sheets joined upon a single inputand/or output shaft (2) and four output and/or input shafts (3), (3′),(3″) and (3″′) that are as out of phase as the spirals that form them.

These sheet arrangements achieve increasing both the charge torque andthe discharge torque of the accumulator in proportion to the number ofsheets.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 diagrammatically represent the essential and necessaryelements in order to achieve the manufacturing process of this sheetthat will adequately form the elastodynamic accumulator-regulator.

In order to achieve this, a laminate mold (4) defining the outer shapeof the sheet wound in the shape of a radioidal spring is used as astarting point. This mold (4) is performed for example in approximately2 mm steel plate, forming a template in which the laminate adopts theshape of this mold.

Towards the inside of the mold is found the laminate (5) itself or theset of sheets performed with composite materials of a polymer matrix andfiber reinforcement. The shafts that make up the ends of the laminatehave been previously integrated with the first turns of the laminateupon itself.

A vacuum bag (6) is then arranged which prevents contact with air andthe possible inclusion thereof within the material. This bag (6) alsohas the mission of holding and compacting the laminate or set of woundsheets or sheets capable of being wound upon themselves.

Finally, an elastomer (7) is arranged in the manufacturing process ofthe laminate with filling functions and which has two special features.The first of these is that the surface in contact with the laminate isheated to proceed to the curing process of the composite materials witha polymer matrix and fiber reinforcement forming the laminate or the setof sheets and the second special feature is that also its finishing itcloses in a circle, such as shown in the plan view in FIG. 4, becoming acylinder closed upon itself and held by the extension of the steel plate(4) of the laminate mold, such as if it were a great brace holding theentire assembly, thus preparing it for the curing cycle.

The curing or polymerization cycle is carried out by subjecting thelaminate or set of sheets to temperatures of approximately 130° C., apreferred method being by means of pads (not shown in the Figures)consisting in about 5 mm thick sheets made of the same elastomer whichhave inside them electrical resistances calculated in order to reach thecuring temperature of the composite material forming the laminate. Thecuring temperature will vary with the products used in manufacturing thecomposite products.

Once the laminate is cured the entire assembly is opened, extracting thelaminate in the shape of a distended radioidal spring, i.e. at theequilibrium point where accumulated energy is zero. Once extracted withthis shape and when placed in its use position, the laminate or set ofwound sheets or sheets that are capable of being wound are wound as aspring in a specific shape, being introduced in the housing ormechanical transmission arranged for its use, with which theelastodynamic accumulator of the invention is thus perfectly finished.

FIG. 6 is an example of the typical application of the elastodynamicenergy accumulator of the invention, in which application (8) isarranged the vane device transforming the wind in rotational movement.In this case a horizontal shaft device has been shown, but it could alsohave been performed with a vertical shaft generator such as thosealready mentioned above in the specification.

Construction of this wind-powered generator is simpler than currenthorizontal shaft wind-powered generators, since the head will only havemovement transmission elements towards the base, instead of themultiplier elements and the electric generating means of current systemsaccording to the state of the art.

Rotational mechanical movement is transmitted through the mast (9)towards a differential element or a differential group (10) which on oneside spreads its movement towards an asynchronous multiplier andgenerator (11) and on the other end of the differential group towardsthe elastodynamic energy storage system (12) of the invention.

Energy can be distributed from the asynchronous multiplier and generator(11) towards the outer network (13) when network conditions so advise,or towards a hydrogen generating electrolyzer unit (14) in which energygenerated and not provided to the electrical network is not wasted butis instead transformed into a combustible element that can besubsequently used in order to generate electric energy.

The elastodynamic storage system (12) of the invention can elasticallystore energy thanks to the differential unit or it can provide energy attimes of wind shortage, the differential unit being thereforeresponsible at all times for managing the charging and discharging ofthe elastodynamic storage system (12) in a fully automatic manner.

The system described would also be appropriate in another of itsmultiple variants with an inertial energy storage system arranged inparallel. Electrically connected and regulated, being thereby consideredas charge, just as the electrolyzers or even the outer network. Thereare also momentum wheels with direct mechanical connection, i.e. beforethe generator, using the accumulator to accelerate the wheel mass,although this is not a recommended configuration.

This system also solves the problems of distancing the electric networkfrom wind farms, since they can be as far as can be imagined, since inthis case energy production would be consumed for generating hydrogen,which can be stored and transported towards storage and distributioncenters.

The elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator of the inventionconnected in series with the rotor is suitable for absorbing suddenstresses that would be produced by extreme wind bursts, which are sodamaging to the wind-powered generators, since these energy pulses orpeaks would be derived to the elastodynamic accumulator-regulator/s inparallel which would perfectly absorb the remaining smaller peaks andwould subsequently slowly discharge these towards the generator, theelastodynamic accumulator thus becoming an energy regulator.

The wind-powered generator proposed by the invention comprises

-   -   A device (8) capable of transforming kinetic energy from the        wind into rotational movement or windmill torque,    -   mechanical transmission element or conical unit and transmission        cables and pulleys or a semi-directed cardan (9) for        transmitting said rotational movement    -   a mechanical differential element or a differential unit (10),    -   an elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator (12) comprising a        sheet (1) that is wound or capable of being wound in radioidal        spiral form with increasing or decreasing curvature along the        length of the spiral and that is capable of absorbing energy at        variable pair and supply a practically constant pair in broad        working areas,    -   a generator element capable of transforming the mechanical        energy into electric energy.

A wind-powered generator has been achieved with this arrangement that isclearly advantageous over current systems in the state of the art.

The mechanical differential element or differential unit (10) hasseveral operating possibilities amongst which the following can bementioned:

-   -   spreading the power of the differential input shaft between two        output shafts, one of them for transforming the wind power into        electric power and another one for elastodynamic storage of the        energy.    -   Adding up the power of the input and output shafts of the        elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator in order to support        the output power towards the output shaft for transforming        mechanical energy into electric energy.    -   Direct transferal of power from the elastodynamic energy        accumulator-regulator towards the output shaft for transforming        mechanical energy into electric energy.    -   Power transferal between the elastodynamic energy        accumulator-regulator and the differential input shaft capable        of starting the wind-powered generator movement with stored        energy.

FIG. 8 shows an operation diagram for the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator of the invention It can thus be a vehicle providedwith a fuel tank (15) that can use hydrogen for operation, hydrogen thatsupplies the fuel battery (16) and generates electric energy that movesthe electric motor (17) to which the elastodynamic accumulator of theinvention (18) is joined. The output of this accumulator is transmittedto the continuously variable transmission (19) and from here to thedifferential unit (20) that is finally transmitted to the wheels (21).The energy flow is completely reversible, allowing both energytransmission and recovery when slowing down the vehicle by elastodynamicenergy or mechanical torque absorbed by the accumulator.

This system has great advantages due to the simplicity of the componentsinvolved, which has an effect upon system durability and the componentsinvolved therein.

FIG. 9 shows application of the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator of the invention in Uninterruptible Power Supplysystems such as for example in applications for hospitals, automatedbuildings, transport networks, etc.

This accumulator-regulator allows guaranteeing continuous electricsupply within a certain time frame, i.e. without being subject to powercuts or micro-cuts that occur when the main network fails and theauxiliary generator system has to take over, since power input andoutput are completely independent from each other through theelastodynamic regulation of the accumulator itself.

FIG. 9 shows how the electric network is connected to the motor (22)that is connected to the elastodynamic accumulator (24) the accumulatedenergy of which will continue to be supplied in a constant manner whenthe network connection fails. The accumulator output is directed towardsthe power generator or generators (25) which already generate theelectric power for the building. In the event of a network powerfailure, the accumulator that is at a programmed charge level willcontinue to move the generators (25) that supply power for the buildingwithout producing any kind of power cut, until it is completelydischarged.

The system can be complemented with an auxiliary power system based onfuel batteries (23) that would move the motor (22) when the electricnetwork is interrupted for long periods. The elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator of the invention achieves that there is no powercut in the power supply to the building.

This accumulator can be charged with night-time electric energy at amuch lower energy cost and can also include an auxiliary generatorsystem by means of a combustion engine or others.

1. An elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprising a laminateor set of sheets that is wound in spiral form with a linearly increasingor decreasing curvature along a length of the spiral with variable widthand/or thickness and/or reinforcement along the length of the spiral andheld on both ends and that absorbs energy at variable torque andsupplies a constant torque in a working area.
 2. An elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator according to claim 1, wherein the laminate or setof sheets are made of composite materials with a polymer matrix andfiber reinforcement.
 3. An elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulatoraccording to claim 1, comprising at least two sheets that are wound inspiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasing curvature along thelength of the spiral, mechanically connected in series, wherein theaccumulator-regulator absorbs energy at high variable torque andsupplies a practically constant torque in a working area.
 4. Anelastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator according to claim 1, furthercomprising at least two sheets that are wound in spiral form with alinearly increasing or decreasing curvature along the length of thespiral, mechanically connected in parallel, wherein theaccumulator-regulator absorbs energy at variable torque and supplies alarge amount of energy at practically constant torque in a working area.5. An elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator according to claim 1,further comprising a laminate of more than two sheets that are wound inspiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasing curvature along thelength of the spiral, connected in series and in parallel, wherein theaccumulator-regulator absorbs energy at variable torque and supplies apractically constant torque in a working area.
 6. An elastodynamicenergy accumulator-regulator according to claim 1, wherein it isincorporated to energy production devices by means of coupling through amechanical differential device which automatically regulateselastodynamic energy supply or accumulation.
 7. An energy regulator thatabsorbs energy excesses and supplies energy at times of shortageconfigured to elastodynamically accumulates energy with an elastodynamicenergy accumulator-regulator according to claim
 1. 8. An energyregulator, comprising at least two elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulators according to claim 1 arranged in series.
 9. Anenergy regulator, comprising at least two elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulators according to claim 1 arranged in parallel.
 10. Anenergy regulator, comprising at least two elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulators according to claim 1 arranged and/or combined inseries and in parallel.
 11. A wind-powered generator comprising: adevice capable of transforming kinetic energy from wind into rotationalmovement or windmill torque, a mechanical transmission element of saidrotational movement or a conical unit, a mechanical differential elementor a differential unit, an elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator, agenerator element capable of transforming mechanical energy intoelectric energy, wherein the elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulatorcomprises a laminate or set of sheets that is wound in spiral form witha linearly increasing or decreasing curvature along a length of thespiral with variable width and/or thickness and/or reinforcement alongthe length of the spiral and held on both ends and that absorbs energyat variable torque and supplies a constant torque in a working area. 12.A wind-powered generator according to claim 11, wherein the mechanicaldifferential element transmits the rotational torque both to theelectric generator element and to the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator.
 13. A wind-powered generator according to claim11, capable of transmitting movement from the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator to the electric generator by means of theelastodynamic energy accumulated therein, through the differential unit.14. A wind-powered generator according to claim 11, wherein theelastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprises a laminate or setof sheets that is wound in spiral form with a linearly increasing ordecreasing curvature along the length of the spiral and absorbs energyat variable torque and supplies a constant torque in a working area. 15.A wind-powered generator according to claim 11, wherein theelastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprises a laminate or a setof sheets that is wound in spiral form that has a linearly increasing ordecreasing curvature along the length of the spiral.
 16. A wind-poweredgenerator according to claim 11, wherein the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator comprises a laminate or set of sheets that iswound upon itself in the manner of a spring, having variable thicknessand/or width and/or reinforcement along its length, held at its ends.17. A wind-powered generator according to claim 11, wherein theelastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprises a laminate or setof sheets comprising composite materials with a polymer matrix and fiberreinforcement.
 18. A wind-powered generator according to claim 11,wherein the elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulator comprises atleast two sheets that are wound or capable of being wound in spiral formconnected in series, capable of absorbing energy at high variable torqueand supplying a practically constant torque in a working area.
 19. Awind-powered generator according to claim 11, wherein the elastodynamicenergy accumulator-regulator comprises a laminate of two sheets that arewound in spiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasing curvaturealong the length of the spiral connected in parallel, that absorbsenergy at variable torque and supplies a practically constant torque ina working area, providing great energy accumulation.
 20. A wind-poweredgenerator according to claim 11, wherein the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator comprises a laminate of more than two sheets thatare wound in spiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasingcurvature along the length of the spiral connected in series and inparallel, that absorbs energy at variable torque and supplies a constanttorque in a working area.
 21. A hydrogen producing unit comprising: amechanical energy producing device, a transmission element fortransmitting said mechanical energy, a mechanical differential elementor a differential unit, an elastodynamic energy accumulator-regulatorcomprising a laminate or set of sheets that is wound in spiral form witha linearly increasing or decreasing curvature along the a length of thespiral with variable width and/or thickness and/or reinforcement alongthe length of the spiral and held on both ends and that absorbs energyat variable torque and supplies a constant torque in a working area, agenerator element capable of transforming the mechanical energy intoelectric energy, a hydrogen-producing electrolyzer unit.
 22. Ahydrogen-producing unit according to claim 21, wherein the elastodynamicenergy accumulator-regulator comprises a laminate or set of sheets thatis wound in spiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasingcurvature along the a length of the spiral with variable width and/orthickness and/or reinforcement along the length of the spiral and heldon both ends and that absorbs energy at variable torque and supplies aconstant torque in a working area.
 23. An auxiliary energy unitcomprising the following interconnected elements: a generator elementthat transforms electric energy into mechanical energy, an elastodynamicenergy accumulator-regulator comprising a laminate or set of sheets thatis wound in spiral form with a linearly increasing or decreasingcurvature along the a length of the spiral with variable width and/orthickness and/or reinforcement along the length of the spiral and heldon both ends and that absorbs energy at variable torque and supplies aconstant torque in a working area, a device that transforms mechanicalenergy from the elastodynamic accumulator into electric energy. 24.(canceled)
 25. A vehicle provided with a fuel tank that can use hydrogenfor its operation, which hydrogen feeds a fuel battery and generateselectric energy which is responsible for movement of an electric motor,wherein said electric motor is joined to the elastodynamic energyaccumulator-regulator, output of this accumulator being joined to acontinuously variable transmission and to a differential group whichtransmits movement thereof to wheels, wherein the accumulator-regulatorcomprises a laminate or set of sheets that is wound in spiral form witha linearly increasing or decreasing curvature along the a length of thespiral with variable width and/or thickness and/or reinforcement alongthe length of the spiral and held on both ends and that absorbs energyat variable torque and supplies a constant torque in a working area. 26.A vehicle according to claim 25, wherein energy flow is completelyreversible, allowing both energy transmission and recovery when brakingthe vehicle by elastodynamic energy or mechanical torque absorbed by theaccumulator.
 27. A vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the vehicle isan automotive vehicle.
 28. A vehicle according to claim 26, wherein thevehicle is a railway vehicle.
 29. A vehicle according to claim 26,wherein the vehicle is a marine vehicle.